World TB Day on 24th: TB will end with timely treatment and prevention

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World TB Day on 24th: TB will end with timely treatment and prevention

Bhopal. Tuberculosis (tuberculosis), which was once considered incurable, has now become possible to treat after the introduction of new techniques in the investigation. At the same time, due to the continuous campaigns, now patients are also coming forward for treatment. March 24 will be celebrated as World Day. On this occasion, a grand awareness campaign will be lit by the Health Department.

TB is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria

TB is a fatal infectious disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Apart from the lungs, it can also affect other parts of the body. This disease spreads through the air. Infectious droplet nuclei are produced when a person with tuberculosis coughs, sneezes or speaks, which can infect another person through the air.

Symptoms of TB

Cough coming for 3 consecutive weeks and continuing even further.

Coughing up of blood.

– Chest pain and shortness of breath.

Weight loss and feeling more tired.

Night sweats.

Types of T.B

multi drug resistance TB

In this type of drug resistance TB, the first line drugs have no effect on the TB bacteria (Mycobacterium tuberculosis). If the TB patient does not take TB medicine regularly or when the TB medicine is taken by the patient in the wrong way or the medicine is given to the patient in the wrong way and or the TB patient leaves the TB course in the middle If given, the patient may have multi-drug resistance TB.

extensively drug resistant TB

This type of TB is more deadly than multi-drug resistance TB. Multi-drug resistance in extensively drug-resistant TB is the resistance of the TB bacteria to the second-line drugs used to treat TB.

extra pulmonary TB

Extra Pulmonary TB If the TB bacteria affects other parts of the body instead of the lungs, then this type of TB is called extra pulmonary TB. Extra pulmonary TB can also occur with pulmonary TB.

This is how TB is tested

Fluid test- In this test, after processing the patient’s sputum/other fluid in the lab, its smear is made on the slide, then its acid fast staining is done. After staining, the TB bacteria on the slide are identified under a microscope. Examination of sputum under a microscope takes 2-3 hours.

– Skin test (Montex test) – In this, medicine is injected into the skin, so that TB is confirmed after 48-72 hours if the result is positive.

– Gene Expert Test

The latest technology Gene Expert is a cartridge based nucleic acid amplification based test. TB can be detected by sputum in just 2 hours by a gene expert. Also, in this test, genetic mutations associated with the resistance of bacteria to the first line drug rifampicin are also identified.

TB treatment

Antibiotics are used to treat TB to kill the bacteria. The 2 antibiotics most commonly used in the treatment of TB are isoniazid and rifampicin and treatment can last for several months.

Normal TB is treated in 6-9 months. Isoniazid, rifampicin, ethambutol and pyrazinamide are used for the first 2 months of these 6 months.

TB prevention

– Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination of infants should be mainly done for the prevention and control of tuberculosis.

On detection of active cases, they should be treated appropriately. The sooner the treatment of TB disease starts, the sooner the disease will be diagnosed.

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